Land uplift decelerates relative sea-level rise.

Diagram A illustrates equatorial ocean syphoning, which refers to the flux of water away from far-field regions, while diagram B illustrates continental levering, which refers to ice melt which depresses the continental shelves and causing adjacent continents to be lifted.

Thinning of the buttressing ice shelf leads to acceleration of ice sheet flow and thinning of the marine-terminated ice margin. As bedrock under the ice sheet slopes towards the ice sheet interior, the thinning of ice causes the grounding line to retreat.

Regional driver of sea-level change due to seasonal monsoon in Southeast Asia. Sea level falls near the Singapore Strait during the southwesterly winds of the summer monsoon and rise during the northeasterly winds of the winter monsoon.

Increasing sea levels cause the base for extreme events such as storm surges to rise, raising their maximum run up heights and the inland distance they affect.

Process of sea-level rise or fall due to impact of high and or low pressure.

Process of sea-level rise due to land-based ice sheets mass loss and, conversely, a sea-level fall when sea water transfers into land-based ice sheets.

The process of land moving up and down in response to the load of an ice sheet and the transfer of mantle back and forth creating a forebulge.

The process of water being attracted to an ice sheet due to its gravitational pull and conversely water retreating as ice melts and its gravitational pull weakens.

Block-diagram showing a cross-section of the subduction zone beneath the Philippines. The Philippine tectonic plate (on the right) dives under the Eurasian plate (on the left).